Directional | Horizontal Drilling Rig Maths
Directional | Horizontal Drilling Rig Maths
There are many reasons why it may not be possible or desirable to drill a vertical well. On land there may be cities, towns or lakes to avoid. Offshore and beneath the sea-bed there may be difficult rock formations, geological faults or existing pipeline networks to avoid.
When drilling a well all precautions are taken to ensure that hydrocarbons that may be within pore spaces in rocks deep underground are always under control. This is done by always ensuring that the pressure of the hydrocarbons in the pore spaces is always less than the pressure exerted by the fluid in the wellbore. ‘Drilling mud’ is used to ensure the wellbore is under control. This is a weighted fluid which, as well as keeping the well under control, also lubricates and cools the bit whilst drilling and carries cuttings of rock back to surface.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUxkx48HRIo
Planning a directional well has many economic and safety benefits.
Economically directional drilling increases the area of the reservoir accessed, increases hydrocarbon recovery, enables more wells to be drilled from one location and reduces costly rig moves.
Safety-wise, a directional relief well is planned to relieve pressure in a troubled well or to manage a hydrocarbon release as in the recent Elgin incident.
In this exercise we will be planning a relief well from one platform to target the reservoir of a neighboring platform. Our target is thousands of meters below the sea-bed. We will use Pythagoras, trigonometry and the geometry of the circle.
Practical Illustration
This exercise uses Pythagoras, Trigonometry and the Geometry of a Circle to plan a directional well to thousands of meters below the sea-bed.
DIRECTIONAL PROFILE ANALOGY
FIRST BIT: LOCATIONS
The relative locations of the Target and Relief Wells are calculated.
SECOND BIT: BUILD-UP
A vertical section is drilled, then, starting at the Kick-Off Point, the angle of incidence to the vertical is gradually increased to a maximum. This is reached at End Of Build.
FINAL BIT: TANGENT
The direction is maintained along the Tangent Section to intersect at a point above the Target reservoir
EXTRA BIT:
Total length of borehole is calculated.
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